Abstract
Comparison of four extraction methods for the analysis of 24 pesticides in soil samples with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-ion trap-mass spectrometry
With a view to analyse multiresidues of pesticides in soil samples, a new ultrasonic solvent extraction (USE) was compared to the European Norm DIN 12393 for foodstuff (extraction with acetone, partitioning with ethylacetate/cyclohexane and clean-up with gel permeation chromatography (GPC)), the QuECheRS method and a pressurised liquid extraction (PLE) method. Pesticides were analysed with both GC-MS and HPLC-MS/MS. The reference materials were the EUROSOIL 7 and its subsoil SO 26 as well as a sea sand. All the substances were observed to be linear in the range of 4–800 ng g(-1) for the European Norm DIN 12393, 7–1400 ng g(-1) for the USE method and 20–4000 ng g(-1) for the QueCheRS and the PLE methods. Limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) were with HPLC between 0.006 and 0.23 ng g(-1) and between 0.022 and 0.77 ng g(-1), respectively, with the exception of diuron (LOD up to 11.8 ng g(-1); LOQ up to 39.2 ng g(-1)). With GC they ranged from 3.0 to 87.5 ng g(-1) and from 10 to 292 ng g(-1), respectively. All substances could be recovered with USE as well as with the QuECheRS method; the European Norm DIN 12393 could not recover carbendazim and metamitron; the PLE carbendazim, metamitron and monolinuron. For the remaining substances, recoveries at a 500 ng g(-1) fortification level ranged from 10.9 to 96.3 % with the USE. In comparison, the QuECheRS method was the most efficient extraction method with recoveries from 27.3 to 120.9 %. It was followed by the European Norm DIN 12393 with recoveries between 6.8 and 108.1 % and the PLE with recoveries from 12.2 to 153.2 %. Recoveries were higher from the EUROSOIL 7 than from the SO 26. The repeatability expressed in term of standard deviation was below 20 % for all substances and all materials.